| Tissue | Mechanism of injury and things to consider | Appropriate test |
| MCL | Valgus strain / force | Valgus stress test, tender on palpation of origin and insertion of MCL (medial femoral condyle and medial proximal tibia) |
| LCL | Varus force | Varus stress test, tender on palpation of origin and insertion of LCL (lateral femoral condyle and head of fibula) |
| ACL | Landing injury or change of direction with fixed foot and valgus knee with tibial rotation. Audible pop and immediate swelling | Lachman’s test |
| PCL | Hyper flexion / landing on a flexed knee, hyperextension, dashboard injury | Posterior tibial sag, positive posterior drawer. |
| Meniscal tear (acute) | Flexion and rotation injury, acute swelling, potential for locked knee and loss of extension. | Positive sweep test for effusion, test for full and equal knee extension, palpation of joint line positive, |
| Quadriceps / patella tendon rupture | Hyperflexion injury, excessive quadriceps load, steroid users. | Loss of straight leg raise, no pull thorough on to patella on quadriceps contraction, low or high riding patella on palpation. |